CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4(3pm)

NAME
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4 - Version 1.4 metadata specification for META.yml

PREFACE
This is a historical copy of the version 1.4 specification for META.yml files, copyright by Ken Williams.

Modifications from the original:

•   Various spelling corrections

•   Include list of valid licenses from Module::Build 0.2807 rather than linking to the module.

SYNOPSIS
 --- #YAML:1.0
 name: Module-Build
 abstract: Build and install Perl modules
 version: 0.20
 author:
   - Ken Williams <kwilliams@cpan.org>
 license: perl
 distribution_type: module
 requires:
   Config: 0
   Cwd: 0
   Data::Dumper: 0
   ExtUtils::Install: 0
   File::Basename: 0
   File::Compare: 0
   File::Copy: 0
   File::Find: 0
   File::Path: 0
   File::Spec: 0
   IO::File: 0
   perl: 5.005_03
 recommends:
   Archive::Tar: 1.00
   ExtUtils::Install: 0.3
   ExtUtils::ParseXS: 2.02
   Pod::Text: 0
   YAML: 0.35
 build_requires:
   Test: 0
 resources:
   license: http://dev.perl.org/licenses/
 meta-spec:
   version: 1.4
   url: http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.3.html
 generated_by: Module::Build version 0.20

DESCRIPTION
This document describes version 1.4 of the META.yml specification.

The META.yml file describes important properties of contributed Perl distributions such as the ones found on CPAN. It is typically created by tools like Module::Build, Module::Install, and ExtUtils::MakeMaker.

The fields in the META.yml file are meant to be helpful for people maintaining module collections (like CPAN), for people writing installation tools (like CPAN.pm or CPANPLUS), or just for people who want to know some stuff about a distribution before downloading it and starting to install it.

Note: The latest stable version of this specification can always be found at <http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-current.html>, and the latest development version (which may include things that won't make it into the stable version) can always be found at <http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-blead.html>.

FORMAT
META.yml files are written in the YAML format (see <http://www.yaml.org/>).

See the following links to learn why we chose YAML instead of, say, XML or Data::Dumper:

Module::Build design plans
    <http://nntp.x.perl.org/group/perl.makemaker/406>

Not keen on YAML
    <http://nntp.x.perl.org/group/perl.module-authors/1353>

META Concerns
    <http://nntp.x.perl.org/group/perl.module-authors/1385>

TERMINOLOGY

distribution
    This is the primary object described by the META.yml specification. In the context of this document it usually refers to a collection of modules, scripts, and/or documents that are distributed together for other developers to use. Examples of distributions are "Class-Container", "libwww-perl", or "DBI".

module
    This refers to a reusable library of code typically contained in a single file. Currently, we primarily talk of perl modules, but this specification should be open enough to apply to other languages as well (ex. python, ruby). Examples of modules are "Class::Container", "LWP::Simple", or "DBD::File".

HEADER
The first line of a META.yml file should be a valid YAML document header like "--- #YAML:1.0".

FIELDS
The rest of the META.yml file is one big YAML mapping whose keys are described here.

  meta-spec
Example:

 meta-spec:
   version: 1.4
   url: http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.3.html

(Spec 1.1) [required] {URL} This field indicates the location of the version of the META.yml specification used.

  name
Example:

  name: Module-Build

(Spec 1.0) [required] {string} The name of the distribution which is often created by taking the "main module" in the distribution and changing "::" to "-". Sometimes it's completely different, however, as in the case of the libwww-perl distribution (see <http://search.cpan.org/dist/libwww-perl/>).

  version
Example:

  version: 0.20

(Spec 1.0) [required] {version} The version of the distribution to which the META.yml file refers.

  abstract
Example:

  abstract: Build and install Perl modules.

(Spec 1.1) [required] {string} A short description of the purpose of the distribution.

  author
Example:

  author:
    - Ken Williams <kwilliams@cpan.org>

(Spec 1.1) [required] {list of strings} A YAML sequence indicating the author(s) of the distribution. The preferred form is author-name <email-address>.

  license
Example:

  license: perl

(Spec 1.0) [required] {string} The license under which this distribution may be used and redistributed.

Must be one of the following licenses:

apache
    The distribution is licensed under the Apache Software License (<http://opensource.org/licenses/apachepl.php>).

artistic
    The distribution is licensed under the Artistic License, as specified by the Artistic file in the standard perl distribution.

bsd The distribution is licensed under the BSD License (<http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php>).

gpl The distribution is licensed under the terms of the Gnu General Public License (<http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php>).

lgpl
    The distribution is licensed under the terms of the Gnu Lesser General Public License (<http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-license.php>).

mit The distribution is licensed under the MIT License (<http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php>).

mozilla
    The distribution is licensed under the Mozilla Public License. (<http://opensource.org/licenses/mozilla1.0.php> or <http://opensource.org/licenses/mozilla1.1.php>)

open_source
    The distribution is licensed under some other Open Source Initiative-approved license listed at <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/>.

perl
    The distribution may be copied and redistributed under the same terms as perl itself (this is by far the most common licensing option for modules on CPAN). This is a dual license, in which the user may choose between either the GPL or the Artistic license.

restrictive
    The distribution may not be redistributed without special permission from the author and/or copyright holder.

unrestricted
    The distribution is licensed under a license that is not approved by www.opensource.org <http://www.opensource.org/> but that allows distribution without restrictions.

  distribution_type
Example:

  distribution_type: module

(Spec 1.0) [optional] {string} What kind of stuff is contained in this distribution. Most things on CPAN are "module"s (which can also mean a collection of modules), but some things are "script"s.

Unfortunately this field is basically meaningless, since many distributions are hybrids of several kinds of things, or some new thing, or subjectively different in focus depending on who's using them. Tools like Module::Build and MakeMaker will likely stop generating this field.

  requires
Example:

  requires:
    Data::Dumper: 0
    File::Find: 1.03

(Spec 1.0) [optional] {map} A YAML mapping indicating the Perl prerequisites this distribution requires for proper operation. The keys are the names of the prerequisites (module names or 'perl'), and the values are version specifications as described in VERSION SPECIFICATIONS.

  recommends
Example:

  recommends:
    Data::Dumper: 0
    File::Find: 1.03

(Spec 1.0) [optional] {map} A YAML mapping indicating the Perl prerequisites this distribution recommends for enhanced operation. The keys are the names of the prerequisites (module names or 'perl'), and the values are version specifications as described in VERSION SPECIFICATIONS.

ALTERNATIVE: It may be desirable to present to the user which features depend on which modules so they can make an informed decision about which recommended modules to install.

Example:

  optional_features:
    foo:
      description: Provides the ability to blah.
      requires:
        Data::Dumper: 0
        File::Find: 1.03

(Spec 1.1) [optional] {map} A YAML mapping of names for optional features which are made available when its requirements are met. For each feature a description is provided along with any of "requires", "build_requires", and "conflicts", which have the same meaning in this subcontext as described elsewhere in this document.

  build_requires
Example:

  build_requires:
    Data::Dumper: 0
    File::Find: 1.03

(Spec 1.0) [optional] {map} A YAML mapping indicating the Perl prerequisites required for building and/or testing of this distribution. The keys are the names of the prerequisites (module names or 'perl'), and the values are version specifications as described in "VERSION SPECIFICATIONS". These dependencies are not required after the distribution is installed.

  configure_requires
Example:

  configure_requires:
    Module::Build: 0.2809
    Data::Dumper: 0
    File::Find: 1.03

(Spec 1.4) [optional] {map} A YAML mapping indicating the Perl prerequisites required before configuring this distribution. The keys are the names of the prerequisites (module names or 'perl'), and the values are version specifications as described in "VERSION SPECIFICATIONS". These dependencies are not required after the distribution is installed.

  conflicts
Example:

  conflicts:
    Data::Dumper: 0
    File::Find: 1.03

(Spec 1.0) [optional] {map} A YAML mapping indicating any items that cannot be installed while this distribution is installed. This is a pretty uncommon situation. The keys for "conflicts" are the item names (module names or 'perl'), and the values are version specifications as described in "VERSION SPECIFICATIONS".

  dynamic_config
Example:

  dynamic_config: 0

(Spec 1.0) [optional] {boolean} A boolean flag indicating whether a Build.PL or Makefile.PL (or similar) must be executed when building this distribution, or whether it can be built, tested and installed solely from consulting its metadata file. The main reason to set this to a true value is that your module performs some dynamic configuration (asking questions, sensing the environment, etc.) as part of its build/install process.

Currently Module::Build doesn't actually do anything with this flag - it's probably going to be up to higher-level tools like CPAN to do something useful with it. It can potentially bring lots of security, packaging, and convenience improvements.

If this field is omitted, it defaults to 1 (true).

  private
(Deprecated) (Spec 1.0) [optional] {map} This field has been renamed to "no_index". See below.

  provides
Example:

  provides:
    Foo::Bar:
      file: lib/Foo/Bar.pm
      version: 0.27_02
    Foo::Bar::Blah:
      file: lib/Foo/Bar/Blah.pm
    Foo::Bar::Baz:
      file: lib/Foo/Bar/Baz.pm
      version: 0.3

(Spec 1.1) [optional] {map} A YAML mapping that describes all packages provided by this distribution. This information can be (and, in some cases, is) used by distribution and automation mechanisms like PAUSE, CPAN, and search.cpan.org to build indexes saying in which distribution various packages can be found.

When using tools like "Module::Build" that can generate the "provides" mapping for your distribution automatically, make sure you examine what it generates to make sure it makes sense - indexers will usually trust the "provides" field if it's present, rather than scanning through the distribution files themselves to figure out packages and versions. This is a good thing, because it means you can use the "provides" field to tell the indexers precisely what you want indexed about your distribution, rather than relying on them to essentially guess what you want indexed.

  no_index
Example:

  no_index:
    file:
    - My/Module.pm
    directory:
    - My/Private
    package:
    - My::Module::Stuff
    namespace:
    - My::Module::Stuff

(Spec 1.1) [optional] {map} A YAML mapping that describes any files, directories, packages, and namespaces that are private (i.e. implementation artifacts) that are not of interest to searching and indexing tools. This is useful when no "provides" field is present.

For example, "search.cpan.org" excludes items listed in "no_index" when searching for POD, meaning files in these directories will not converted to HTML and made public - which is useful if you have example or test PODs that you don't want the search engine to go through.

file

(Spec 1.1) [optional] Exclude any listed file(s).

directory

(Spec 1.1) [optional] Exclude anything below the listed directory(ies).

[Note: previous editions of the spec had "dir" instead of "directory", but I think MakeMaker and various users started using "directory", so in deference we switched to that.]

package

(Spec 1.1) [optional] Exclude the listed package(s).

namespace

(Spec 1.1) [optional] Excludes anything below the listed namespace(s), but not the listed namespace(s) its self.

  keywords
Example:

  keywords:
    - make
    - build
    - install

(Spec 1.1) [optional] {list} A sequence of keywords/phrases that describe this distribution.

  resources
Example:

  resources:
    license: http://dev.perl.org/licenses/
    homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/module-build
    bugtracker: http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Module-Build
    repository: http://sourceforge.net/cvs/?group_id=45731
    MailingList: http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/module-build-general

(Spec 1.1) [optional] {map} A mapping of any URL resources related to this distribution. All-lower-case keys, such as "homepage", "license", and "bugtracker", are reserved by this specification, as they have "official" meanings defined here in this specification. If you'd like to add your own "special" entries (like the "MailingList" entry above), use at least one upper-case letter.

The current set of official keys is:

homepage
    The official home of this project on the web.

license
    An URL for an official statement of this distribution's license.

bugtracker
    An URL for a bug tracker (e.g. Bugzilla or RT queue) for this project.

  generated_by
Example:

  generated_by: Module::Build version 0.20

(Spec 1.0) [required] {string} Indicates the tool that was used to create this META.yml file. It's good form to include both the name of the tool and its version, but this field is essentially opaque, at least for the moment. If META.yml was generated by hand, it is suggested that the author be specified here.

[Note: My meta_stats.pl script which I use to gather statistics regarding META.yml usage prefers the form listed above, i.e. it splits on /\s+version\s+/ taking the first field as the name of the tool that generated the file and the second field as version of that tool. RWS]

VERSION SPECIFICATIONS
Some fields require a version specification (ex. "requires", "recommends", "build_requires", etc.) to indicate the particular version(s) of some other module that may be required as a prerequisite. This section details the version specification formats that are currently supported.

The simplest format for a version specification is just the version number itself, e.g. 2.4. This means that at least version 2.4 must be present. To indicate that any version of a prerequisite is okay, even if the prerequisite doesn't define a version at all, use the version 0.

You may also use the operators < (less than), <= (less than or equal), > (greater than), >= (greater than or equal), == (equal), and != (not equal). For example, the specification "< 2.0" means that any version of the prerequisite less than 2.0 is suitable.

For more complicated situations, version specifications may be AND-ed together using commas. The specification ">= 1.2, != 1.5, < 2.0" indicates a version that must be at least 1.2, less than 2.0, and not equal to 1.5.

SEE ALSO
CPAN, <http://www.cpan.org/>

CPAN.pm, <http://search.cpan.org/dist/CPAN/>

CPANPLUS, <http://search.cpan.org/dist/CPANPLUS/>

Data::Dumper, <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Data-Dumper/>

ExtUtils::MakeMaker, <http://search.cpan.org/dist/ExtUtils-MakeMaker/>

Module::Build, <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Module-Build/>

Module::Install, <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Module-Install/>

XML, <http://www.w3.org/XML/>

YAML, <http://www.yaml.org/>

HISTORY

March 14, 2003 (Pi day)
    •   Created version 1.0 of this document.

May 8, 2003
    •   Added the "dynamic_config" field, which was missing from the initial version.

November 13, 2003
    •   Added more YAML rationale articles.

    •   Fixed existing link to YAML discussion thread to point to new <http://nntp.x.perl.org/group/> site.

    •   Added and deprecated the "private" field.

    •   Added "abstract", "configure", "requires_packages", "requires_os", "excludes_os", and "no_index" fields.

    •   Bumped version.

November 16, 2003
    •   Added "generation", "authored_by" fields.

    •   Add alternative proposal to the "recommends" field.

    •   Add proposal for a "requires_build_tools" field.

December 9, 2003
    •   Added link to latest version of this specification on CPAN.

    •   Added section "VERSION SPECIFICATIONS".

    •   Chang name from Module::Build::META-spec to CPAN::META::Specification.

    •   Add proposal for "auto_regenerate" field.

December 15, 2003
    •   Add "index" field as a compliment to "no_index"

    •   Add "keywords" field as a means to aid searching distributions.

    •   Add "TERMINOLOGY" section to explain certain terms that may be ambiguous.

July 26, 2005
    •   Removed a bunch of items (generation, requires_build_tools, requires_packages, configure, requires_os, excludes_os, auto_regenerate) that have never actually been supported, but were more like records of brainstorming.

    •   Changed "authored_by" to "author", since that's always been what it's actually called in actual META.yml files.

    •   Added the "==" operator to the list of supported version-checking operators.

    •   Noted that the "distribution_type" field is basically meaningless, and shouldn't really be used.

    •   Clarified "dynamic_config" a bit.

August 23, 2005
    •   Removed the name "CPAN::META::Specification", since that implies a module that doesn't actually exist.

June 12, 2007
    •   Added "configure_requires".